Making and Using Shellac in Woodturning

Shellac is one of the most versatile and time-tested finishes available to woodturners. Derived from the secretions of the lac bug native to Southeast Asia, this natural resin has been used for thousands of years in furniture making, fine woodworking, and even early electronics. In this article, we’ll explore how to make your own shellac, the different types available, and how to use it in woodturning as a sealer, polish, shine juice, and pre-stain treatment.

A Brief History of Shellac

Shellac's story begins in ancient India and China, where it was first used as a dye and adhesive as early as 1500 BCE. By the 18th century, shellac had become a staple in European fine furniture and woodworking. During the Industrial Revolution, its uses expanded into phonograph records, electrical insulators, and even pill coatings. Today, shellac continues to be prized by woodworkers for its natural beauty, quick-drying properties, and versatility.

Making Your Own Shellac

To make shellac, you’ll need:

• Shellac flakes (blonde/dewaxed and regular/waxed)

• Isopropyl alcohol (90% or higher) or denatured alcohol

• A glass or plastic container with a tight-sealing lid

• A digital scale (for accuracy)

• A measuring cup or syringe

• Stir stick or shaker

• Optional: Cheesecloth or mesh for straining

Mixing Ratios:

• A 2-pound cut (common strength) is made by dissolving 2 oz (by weight) of shellac flakes in 1 pint of alcohol.

• You can make a 1-pound cut for sealing or a 3-pound cut for a more durable, thicker finish.

Add flakes to your container, pour in the alcohol, and shake or stir occasionally over 24–72 hours until dissolved. Label your mix with the type, strength, and date—it generally lasts around six months.

Blonde vs. Regular Shellac

• Blonde Shellac (Dewaxed): Ideal for lighter woods or when you want a clear finish. Also more compatible as a base for other finishes.

• Regular Shellac (Waxed): Adds warmth and depth, especially to darker woods. May not bond well with some topcoats.

In your turning projects, try using both to compare how each type affects the tone and character of the wood.

Using Shellac in Woodturning

Here are several ways to make the most of shellac in your woodturning projects:

1. Sealer Apply a thin coat of shellac to freshly turned wood to seal the surface. This prevents blotching, especially useful before staining or applying a topcoat.

2. Polish Build up layers of shellac, sanding lightly between coats to achieve a beautiful, glossy surface. The finish can be buffed to a high shine.

3. Shine Juice Create a mix of shellac, boiled linseed oil, and alcohol—perfect for applying on the lathe. This produces a quick, lustrous finish that’s great for small projects.

4. Pre-Stain Treatment Apply a thin shellac coat before staining to reduce uneven absorption and enhance grain definition. This is particularly useful on softwoods or blotch-prone species.

5. Touch-Ups and Repairs Shellac re-dissolves into itself, making it ideal for easy repairs. A quick dab can fix scratches or imperfections without stripping the whole finish.

6. Custom Effects Tint your shellac or layer it over dyes to achieve custom tones and effects. You can even experiment with artistic finishes for a vintage or decorative look.

Application Techniques

• Brushing: Great for flat areas, though brush marks can appear.

• Padding (French polishing): Ideal for curves and detailed work.

• Spraying: Gives a smooth finish, but requires proper setup.

You can also adjust your technique depending on the cut thickness and type of wood you're working with.

Storage and Safety Tips

• Store mixed shellac in airtight containers in a cool, dark place.

• Always label your mixes with the date and type.

• Work in a well-ventilated area, especially with denatured alcohol.

• Dispose of rags soaked in shellac or linseed oil safely, as they can combust.

Why Shellac Still Matters

Shellac is eco-friendly, easy to repair, and beautiful. It dries quickly, smells pleasant compared to modern finishes, and enhances the natural grain of your turning pieces. Whether you're sealing, polishing, or protecting, shellac remains one of the most rewarding finishes to work with.

So next time you’re at the lathe, don’t overlook this humble resin—it’s a timeless tool for a reason!